Dr. Ronish Gupta is an Assistant Professor at McMaster University and a Pediatric Intensivist at McMaster Children's Hosptial. Dr. Anna-Theresa Lobos is an Associate Professor at the University of Ottawa, Departement of Pediatrics and Division of Critical Care. 

Critical incidents for hospitalized patients are common, and hospitals usually follow traditional root cause analyses to inform strategies intending to mitigate future such events. Traditional root cause analyses may still leave an opportunity gap for improvement, and they present the use of simulation to approach the problem in a novel way.